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对市场定价(pricing to market)

【参考答案】

对市场定价一般是指具有一定垄断势力的企业在不同的市场上对相同的商品按照不同的价格进行销售的行为。对市场定价其实是一种价格......

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未知题型
1984～1985年，美国的货币供给从5703亿美元增加到6410亿美元，巴西的货币供给从244亿克鲁扎多增加到1061亿克鲁扎多。同期美国的消费价格指数从96.6升至100，巴西消费价格指数从31升至100。请分别计算1984～1985年。美国和巴西的货币供给增长率和通货膨胀率。假设其他影响货币市场的因素变动不大，这些数字与本章模型的预测是否一致，如何解释为什么美国和巴西的价格反应存在明显差异?
Between 1984 and 1985，the money supply in the United States increased to ＄641.0 billion from ＄570.3 billion．while that of Brazil increased to 106.1 billion cruzados from 24.4 billion．Over the same period，the U.S. consumer price index rose to 100 from a level of 96.6，while the corresponding index for Brazil rose to 100 from a level of only 31． Calculate the 1984-1985 rates of money supply growth and inflation for the United States and Brazil，respectively．Assuming that other factors affecting the money markets did not change too dramatically，how do these numbers match up with the predictions of this chapter's model? How would you explain the apparently different responses of U.S. compared with Brazilian prices?
未知题型
假设某个经济中存在失业，中央银行把货币供给增加1倍。在长期中，经济恢复到充分就业状态，产出回到充分就业水平。假定在货币供给增加之前，利率等于长期利率，那么，长期价格水平上涨的幅度是大于还是小于货币供给增加的幅度?如果最初利率低于长期水平，情况又会如何?
Imagine that the central bank of an economy with unemployment doubles its money supply．In the long run，full employment is restored and output returns to its full employment level．On the (admittedly unlikely)assumption that the interest rate before the money supply increase equals the long-run interest rate，is the long-run increase in the price level more than proportional or less than proportional to the money supply change? What if(as is more likely)the interest rate was initially below its long-run level?
未知题型
我们对货币作为交换媒介和计价单位的有用性的讨论能否作为解释某些货币成为外汇交易的载体货币的根据?
Does our discussion of money's usefulness as a medium of exchange and unit of account suggest reasons why some currencies become vehicle currencies for foreign exchange transactions?
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