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计算矩形梁模板工程量,主梁、次梁相互连接的重叠部分,计算模板面积。

A.正确
B.错误
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3. Martin Luther
Martin Luther was a monk who taught at a Catholic university in the German town of Wittenburg (located southwest of Berlin). Like many others, he feared that the Roman Catholic Church had become too corrupt to provide people with the guidance they needed to obtain salvation. Luther thought that individuals could seek salvation on their own, without relying on priests. On October 31, 1517, he attempted to provoke a debate on reform by nailing a list of 95 questions to the door of the Wittenburg university cathedral. The debate became public when some unknown person reprinted his ideas in a pamphlet which was eventually distributed throughout Germany.
Luther's challenge to papal authority received support from German nobles who had their own grievances. In particular, German nobles resented how the Church spent revenue collected from German Catholics, and the fact that they had less rights than other nobles (particularly in France) to influence the appointment of local Church officials. Thanks to the support of a noble named Frederick "the Wise," who allowed Luther to hide at his castle named Wartburg, Luther survived his excommunication for heresy by the Diet of Worms in January 1521. He hid out for about a year and used the time to translate the New Testament into German. Meanwhile, as other nobles joined the protest, Lutheranism became more secure and more groups began to propose their own religious reforms. By 1535, nobles in a large area of Germany, plus the kings of Denmark and Sweden, had declared themselves followers of Luther.
Luther and his supporters were not the only ones to break away from the Catholic Church. In 1527, King Henry VIII of England asked to have his marriage to Catherine of Aragon annulled because, after nearly twenty years, they had not yet produced a male heir to the throne. The pope refused to grant the annulment thanks to pressure from Catherine's nephew, the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. So Henry declared his independence from the Pope in 1534 by creating the Church of England and naming himself as its spiritual and political leader.
Elsewhere, Ulrich Zwingli, John Calvin, Menno Simons and others launched their own religious reform movements. As a result, by the end of the 16th century, perhaps as much as one third of western Europe's population no longer believed in the supremacy of the pope. One consequence was the Catholic Counter-Reformation, a systematic attempt to reform the Catholic Church, which eliminated many of the practices that provoked the original reformation.
 6. Which of the following people worked to break away from the Catholic Church _______.
A.Luther and his supporters.
B.Ulrich Zwingli, John Calvin and Menno Simons.
C.King Henry VIII of England.
D.Both A, B, C.
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